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Subject: Goal Setting in Fitness & Nutrition - July19, 2005



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"Exercise Tips"

From www.NutrActive.com
---Nutrition and Active Lifestyle Center

July 13, 2005
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In this issue:

1. Top Sponsor's Ad
2. A Word from the Editor
3. Exercise Tip (Part 1):
---Goal Setting in Fitness & Nutrition
4. Advertisements
5. Recommended Reading:
---Body Building A Realistic Approach
6. Exercise Tip (Part 2)
7. Important Links to NutrActive

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A word from the editor:

Having trouble staying on devoted to a healthy lifestyle
this summer? You need to set goals. The article for this
issue will help you realize why this step is so important
and how it can keep you on track during the more
challenging times - like vacation season!

Best of Health!
Laura

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EXERCISE TIP (Part 1):
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Goal Setting in Fitness & Nutrition
By Brian D. Johnston

A goal is the result or achievement toward which effort is
directed. Without setting goals in exercise or nutrition,
there is far less value and purposeful direction; and they
need to be measurable and realistic. For example, a thin
teenager weighing 120 pounds wishing to weight 220-pounds
of muscle is both specific and measurable. However, he
cannot hope to achieve such a physique, especially not soon
and probably not without growth-enhancing drugs. Therefore,
in this instance, the goal to gain 100 pounds of muscle is
specific, it is measurable, but it is unrealistic.

Non-measurable goals, such as "I want to lose fat and get
lean," will never be realized since the term "lean" is
subjective with no objective measurement. What is lean to
one person may not be lean to another... or perhaps it is "
too lean". Once the individual obtains a supposed state of
leanness, will that person know that he has achieved that
goal or will his perception of what he thinks is "lean"
change because of higher standards and greater
expectations? On the other hand, if a trainee indicated
that he wants to reduce body fat to a level of ten percent,
then he has a measurable goal ??“ one that can be quantified.

Next, to achieve goals better, trainees must provide a
measurement and do so in the smallest amount necessary and
within reason relative to past accomplishments. Don't aim
for something greater than you could ever have achieved in
the past. Moreover, the more distant the goal, and the
smaller the increments, the more likely the success of
obtaining the goal. But it should be noted that a goal must
require some degree of effort and challenge. If the goal is
too small or easy to obtain, there is little incentive or
sense of accomplishment or pride.

Goals can be measured in terms of outcome and performance.
An outcome goal refers to that which a person is aiming to
achieve, such as lifting five pounds more in the bench
press next workout or a far greater weight over the course
of several months. There is little flexibility in this type
of goal ??“ either it is achieved or it is not. Performance
goals refer to the process through which a person achieves
those goals, including both the short- and long-term.
Performance goals are much more flexible, and allows a
person to reorganize a strategy from day to day in order to
meet the outcome goal(s). Performance goals are associated
with less anxiety, since there is flexibility and, as a
result, should be emphasized in an exercise and nutrition
program. It can be upsetting not to achieve an outcome goal,
but if all the steps leading up to the outcome were done to
the best of your ability, it is easy to maintain motivation
in preparing for the next outcome goal.

When determining a long-term goal, a strategy of immediate,
short-term goals (performance goals) must be considered.
For example, if you desire a ten-pound increase on the best
bench press, how will you get there? This is accomplished
by creating a workout schedule, a long-term plan of
increasing "x" pounds/ounces to the bar each workout until
you achieve the extra ten pounds. The plan may need to be
reevaluated then re-designed ??“ particularly if you fail to
increase the weight by "x" pounds/ounces during one of the
workouts, and falling short in the end. It could be further
stated that creating a goal strategy in exercise is very
similar to a marketing or business plan in that goals may
be established, but they may also need reformulating on a
regular basis to reflect current facts of finance, the
economy, sales, customer satisfaction, etc.


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RECOMMENDED READING:

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EXERCISE TIP (Part 2):
Goal Setting in Fitness & Nutrition - continued
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GOAL SETTING PRINCIPLES AND STRATEGY

Set Specific Goals. The goal must be measurable, such as "
bench press 275 pounds" by a certain date rather than "
increase the bench press" and without a concrete date in
mind.

Set Difficult and Realistic Goals. The goal must be within
reach, yet challenging in order to increase mental arousal
and motivation. Easy goals will not be motivating, yet
goals that are nearly impossible will hinder motivation for
future workouts. Goals must reflect your genetic ability
accurately; as strength and size increases, the ability to
match past goals will diminish.

Establish Short-term Goals. Each main goal must consist of
sub-goals or short-term goals. Before a person can increase
chest measurement by an inch, or bench-press an additional
50 pounds, he must progress in smaller amounts. Being able
to see patterns in those amounts (your results over a
particular period of time), or lack thereof, provides
valuable data and feedback in your ability to achieve long-
term goals during a specific time frame. Not being able to
achieve short-term goals provides further information as to
what is not working and the need for a new plan of short-
term goals in order to achieve the long-term goal.

Develop Goal-Achievement Strategies. A trainee cannot
achieve short- or long-term goals without knowing how he or
she eventually will get there. In order to lose an inch off
the waist, you must first lose a quarter-inch, then a half-
inch, etc., and each step requires a certain amount of
exercise and a proper eating plan. These aspects determine
your daily or immediate goals.

Create Backup Plans of Action. What happens if a short-term
goal is not reached? If something goes wrong, is it
probable that the long-term goal will be reached? It will
be difficult to get back on track if a backup plan of
action is not established to correct any minor setbacks. If
the goal is to lose a quarter-inch off the waist during the
first month, and the trainee only lost one-eighth inch, the
chances of losing a quarter-inch during the next phase of
the strategy is highly unlikely (unless exercise is
increased and eating is decreased). It will be necessary to
rethink the strategy and decide what must be done in order
to get back on track. But rather than waiting for the
possibility of failure, strategize ahead of time and
anticipate failure or what could go wrong.

Individual Personality Considerations. Prior to
establishing goals, personality must be considered. Is the
person a high-achiever or a low-achiever? Does the person
have the commitment and can he or she maintain that
commitment? Can the person sustain the motivation to reach
a difficult goal that may be a year away while paying
attention to diet and intense exercise during that time on
a daily/weekly basis? Does the person have the maturity and
intellect to work through any problems leading to each
goal? How does the individual accept failure ??“ as a
learning experience or another "nail in the coffin" of
defeat?

Provide for Goal Evaluation. At the end of each short- and
long-term goal, evaluate performance, dedication,
motivation, and well you did to achieve (or surpass) your
goals. From this information it will be easier to establish
future goals, and to make goals easier or more challenging,
by learning from mistakes, failures, and successes. Also,
evaluate the backup plans of action and if any of those
steps needed to be implemented, your problem-solving skills,
what went right, what went wrong, and any factors that were
not considered.

Provide Goal Support. Share goals with others, such as a
loved one, friends, a mentor, or associates on the Internet.
Telling people about what you intend to achieve increases
support and keeps you on the path to prove your ability
rather than experiencing humiliation or embarrassment from
backing down when the going gets tough. Regular updates on
a long-term goal, and how each short-term goal is
proceeding will keep you in check and sustain motivation.

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About the author:
Brian D. Johnston is the Director of Education and
President of the I.A.R.T. fitness certification and
education institute. He has written over 12 books and is a
contributing author to the Merck Medical Manual. An
international lecturer, Mr. Johnston wears many hats in the
fitness and health industries, and can be reached at info@
ExerciseCertification.com. Visit his site at www.
ExerciseCertification.com for more free articles.
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"Exercise Tips" is edited/published weekly by Laura S. Garrett
who is a Registered Dietitian (RD), Licensed Dietitian (LD), and
a certified personal trainer. For questions or comments, please
e-mail Laura at: Laura.RD@NutrActive.com.
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The information contained in this e-mail is intended to help you
better understand issues related to nutrition and exercise and
help promote a healthy lifestyle. It is not intended to replace
the advice of a physician. If you read something on this site
that contradicts what your physician tells you in any way,
always follow your physician's advice. We advice you to consult
with your physician before beginning any exercise program,
especially if you have any serious medical conditions.
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