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| << October31, 2003 - [India Thinkers Net]Continuing harassment of women artists and activists |
November01, 2003 - [India Thinkers Net]Will building temples save India? >> |
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HINDU or SINDHU Dear friends, Dr. Bharat Patankar, author of the article, "HINDU or SINDHU", copied below, is life-partner of our well known author and columnist Gail Omwedt. Dr. Patankar was born in 1951, in a farming family, His father was murdered in 1952 by certain Congress-connected people because they (Bharat??™s parents) were going towards the left. Mother raised him by herself, going to the fields and teaching school. After obtaining his MBBS degree, Dr. Patankar proceeded to the USA. While he was doing his MD in the USA, he met Gail, and they have been together since that time. He started getting involved in the working class movements, and has been a full-time activist since then. Currently he is organizing dam evictees and drought prone farmers in four districts of southern Maharashtra. In addition, he is very involved with cultural movements (the Vidrohi Sanskritic Calval (Vidrohi Cultural Movement), which is recently involved in a Dharmaandhata aur Deshadrohi Virodhi Manch (Opponents of Religious-bigotry and Nationa-wreckers) -- they call RSS as deshadrohi and say "we are the Hindustanis, unifiers of the whole Bahujan Samaaj". Generally the Vidrohi platform opposes capitalism and brahlmanism. Tomorrow you will get Tukaram??™s poetry translated jointly by Drs. Gail Omwedt & Bharat Patankar. Regards, Satinath ========================= HINDU or SINDHU Exposure of the Bloodthirsty Hindutva of the Sangh Parivar (Translated from Marathi) (Originally written in 1993 as a Marathi pamphlet selling at one rupee, this sold out 10,000 copies within a first few days, mainly when the Shetmajur Kashtakari Shetkari Sanghatana (an organization of toiling farmers??™ and agricultural labourers) held a protest march of 20,000 rural people coming to Kolhapur in southern Maharashtra). by Bharat Patankar Let us remember the brave warriors and heroes of our country: The brave Bhairoba, Khandoba, Jotiba Who were the chieftains of Bali's kingdom, and the meritorious king Bali who we recall at the second day of Divali. Why is it he is the warrior remembered with, "Let troubles and sorrows go and the kingdom of Bali come"? The Aryabhats came and looted all, made the warriors into slaves. Why did Waman send Bali under the earth? This is the question of Joti, a Mali??¦.(from Mahatma Phule, Akhands) Introduction The politics of "Hindutva??™ have surged forward tremendously in the last ten years. "ram" and "Ramjanmabhoomi" have become the core of this new link being forged between political power and religion. While the Mullas and other Muslim fundamentalists are keeping the poor Muslims in bondage, the Sangh parivar is trying to bring back the old Brahmanic religion. The Hindutvavadis are the offspring of the capitalists who exploit workers, agricultural labourers, peasants, women, adivasis, dahlits, nomads, balutedars and tenants; they are trying to heighten casteist exploitation by restoring the old brahmanic religion in a new form. Muslims have been made the direct target of their bloodthirsty attack, while they spread poison to confuse bahujans and dalits to trap them anew in a brahmanic religion. This makes it necessary for poor Muslims and Hindus alike to rip off the veil of the Sangh parivar. In this situation we will use the perspective of Phule to find a way out. We will need the light of the thinking of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, Gadge Maharaj, the heritage of Carvak, Gautam Buddha, Mahavir, Basaveshwar and others. It is necessary to rally around the trumpet of king Bali. There is a need to give a framework to the ideology of dalit and bahujan men and women, drawing on researchers like D.D. Kosambi.Jotiba had expressed the theme that human beings must behave humanely towards one another. Even while ferociously opposing brahmanic superstitions whenever showed blind hatred for those born as brahmans. In his own words, The Aryas used caseteism to split the Mlecchas for their own interests, Aryas were declared superior for all births and others throughout the world inferior. They used religious differences for self-interest, looting the shudras in the name of faith. There is no such differentiation among Christians or Muslims. Do not respect religious or political differences, Behave truthfully for the lord; keep Christians, Muslims, Mangs just as brahmans as brothers. There is only one truth in the creator??™s religion; but many quarrels: for what? With such a perspective we confront the religious fanatics of the Sangh parivar who aim to re-establish the old brahmanic religion. Jotiba stated that without annihilating the exploitation of caste and religious-cultural oppression, the nation or the "people together" will never come into existence. He brought forward the role of equality in religions such as Buddhism and Islam, while saluting dalit and bahujan elements in Hindu traditions. Cultural and social traditions along with political and economic integration play a central role in giving shape to the "people together" of any nation. But the time has come to analyze anew the traditions of the majority of people in India. If Bharatiya people are not to be trapped in the claws of religious insanity, this search has to be done with a clear head. With this it will be easy to rip apart the veils of the Hindutva of the Sangh parivar. The Oldest Heritage of Bharatiya Society: Hindu or Sindhu? Those Sanghists who call themselves "Hindutvavadis" consider only the tradition of brahmanic Hinduism to be theirs. But there is a difference of earth and sky between their brahmanic Hindu tradition and the "Hindu" tradition of the entire people. Even before the concept of "Hindu" came into existence there was a great tradition of the Indian community, one that Indians can claim with pride as theirs. This great tradition is that of Sindhu civilisation. According to archeological evidence, the Sindhu civilization is the oldest one on the Indian subcontinent. It was found not only in the environs of the river Sindhu, but was spread even up to today??™s Gujarat. It was an urban civilisation and had achieved an agricultural-artisan and seafaring mode of production. It goes back 5000 years, with dating fixed not only by archeological evidence but also with the help of radiocarbon technology. Nearly 700 settlements from small villages to cities have been unearthed so far. The script of the civilisation, found on its seals, has not been deciphered. But there is still much to learn from what has been discovered so far. The brahmanic Hindutvavadis claim the Vedas as the original books of the Hindus. The Sindhu civilisation is prior to all of these Vedas. Contrary to the brahmanic Hindutvavadis, those who paraded the Vedas as their own came from outside the Indian subcontinent. They knew nothing of urban life. They were wandering pastoralists, primitive tribes who knew nothing of settled agriculture or the art of writing. These tribes destroyed the cities of the Sindhu civilisation. They broke up the dams necessary for their agriculture. The Aryans were the first outsiders known to history who attacked and looted the Indian people and destroyed their homes and villages. The Rg Veda is the poetic ballad of the victories and customs of these marauding barbarians! If, as the Hindutvavadis say, the Vedas are the original and sacred books of the Hindu religion, then we will have to admit that it was the people of the "Hindu" religion who were the first foreign barbarians to attack the Indian people. And we will have to say that the "Hindu" religion is not an Indian religion but a religion of foreign marauders! One to two thousand years before conquerors of such diverse religious and ethnic groups as the Greeks, Shakas, Muslims (Arabs, Turks) or Christians set foot on the Indian subcontinent, these foreign Aryan barbarians came to destroy our advanced civilisation. They did not stop at destroying the places of worship of the Sindhu civilisation but laid waste whole cities and villages. They also destroyed the agriculture based on advanced technologies along with its irrigation system. The Hindutvavadis advise the Indian people to take as their great religious book that book which sings the praises of such terrible acts. How will the Indian poor who have no knowledge of Sanskrit understand what this means? The Indian people understand the Hindu religion according to their own language. The people??™s Hindu religion and the "Hindu" religion of the Hindutvavadis are different. The religion that they call theirs is a religion that has attacked Indian culture and Indian traditions. Some may ask, where is the proof of all this? There is of course irrefutable archeological evidence for the existence of the cities and villages. But there is also proof that Aryan invaders attacked this civilisation. Evidence is found in the Rg Veda itself. The Rg Veda god and leader, Indra, is described as "releaser of floods" and "destroyer of cities." There is no mention of him or his followers as "builders of cities" or "conquerors of cities." In this first Veda the Sanskrit word for brick, ista, is never found. The description of Aryan settlements in this period is simply as "village" (gram). Even in the later Vedas it seems that bricks were used only for building a place for yagnas. The "city-destroying" Aryans destroyed the cities of the Sindu civilisation. Since they were nomadic pastoralists, rather than conquering and living in them they smashed them and continued to wander. There is a specific mention in the Rg Veda (6.27.5) of a war attacking and destroying a city called "Hariyupiya" (Harappa). A pogrom of destroying and looting is clear from numerous references. Those whose cities were looted were called "dasyu." This later became the word "das" (defeated people). The people of the Sindhu civilisation were made into slaves! In this connection, some people of the Sindhu civilisation known as "pani" were mentioned with scorn. The meaning of the word is "merchant." In destroying the urban settlements of the Sindhu civilisation, the Aryans also naturally destroyed their agriculture and crafts and the trade based on these. Some eight to nine hundred years after the Sindhu civilisation was destroyed new cities began to come again into existence. When coins began to be used again they were known as pana. Even today, merchants are called vani in Marathi and bania in Hindi. The Sindhu civilisation was smashed but not completely uprooted. When settled agriculture and urban civilisation began to be generalised once again, Indian civilisation developed on the foundation of the broken remnants of that civilisation. It could not and did not develop on the basis of the Vedic verses. Proof can also be found in the Rg Veda that the Aryans destroyed the agricultural system of the Sindhu civilisation. Indra is often called the "liberator of waters." Indra freed rivers from the clutches of Vrtra. The meaning of vrtra is obstruction, barricade or bandh. There is also a specific mention that "he removed the artificial obstruction to rivers." The method of cultivation of the Sindhu civilisation depended on this water. Their agriculture flourished on the floodplains of rivers and on silt deposited by water spread over the fields. Dams were built to spread this water over greater distances. This was the best way of irrigating the land and making it cultivable in the low rainfall areas. Since two early floods came from the seven rivers originating in the Himalayas, two good crops every year could be taken on this basis. The Aryans destroyed this method of cultivating the land. It was a deathblow to the Sindhu civilisation. In brief, the claim of the Hindutvavadis that the Vedas are the ancient and sacred books of the Indian culture or alternatively of the Hindu religion proves to be a lie. These are books that the pastoral, nomadic, barbarian Aryan tribes created to sing the praises of their victories. They are the oldest memorials of the destruction of the Indian culture by "foreigners." It is the Sindhu civilisation which is the ancient and original culture of the Indian people. Along with the truth that the Rg Veda-parading Aryans were the first outside barbarians attacking the Indian people is another strange truth. Those Sanghist brahmani Hindutvavadis who call the Muslims outsiders were Aryans who came from the Muslim-majority regions! This is the region of central Asia. The region from today??™s Iran to Afghanistan and further up to the Sindhu river was known as "Arya Pradesh" by the world conqueror Alexander. It is not that these Aryans wandered somewhere else and Muslims came from outside and encroached on their land. These onetime Aryans became Muslims and became among the many groups from outside who became Muslims and then came into India. (Though most of today??™s Indian Muslims come from the nonAryan Dravidian and other groups). Yet those who claim the tradition of that Aryan religion call the Muslim Aryans as "outside invaders" and vow to eradicate them! The region of today??™s Iran was previously known as Persia (about 486 BC). The ruler of Persia at that time, Darius, was the first to have engravings on his tomb, in which he said, "Persian, the son of a Persian, Arya, the son of an Arya"! Isn??™t it an irony that those Sanghists who claim the heritage of the Aryans who were the first to attack the Indian people and culture consider the original Aryas who did not participate in the attack as alien? The Hindu Religion of the People and the Religion of the Hindutvavadis The English pronounced Mumbai as "Bombay" and this is the way Indians write the name of the city even today. Similarly, the people who came over the Khyber Pass and crossed the Sindhu river in the Indian subcontinent pronounced the Sindhu as "Indus" or "Hindu" and based on this distorted foreign pronunciation the Bharatiyas came to be known as "Indian" or "Hindu." And then all of us living on the banks of the Ganga, Yamuna, Narmada, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri etc. began to be known by the name of "Hindus" or "Hindustanis." More accurately we should be called "Sindhus" or "Sindhustanis." The majority of people of India are of the Hindu (Sindhu) religion of the Baliraja tradition, while the religion of those who call themselves Hindutvavadis is of the Vaman tradition. In this context a custom known in every home in Maharashtra and brought to our attention by Mahatma Jotiba Phule is worth noting. It is a tradition that the women of the house felicitate the men coming home from "taking the gold of Dussera" with ida pida javo, balica rajya yevo, "let sorrows and troubles go and the kingdom of Bali come." Only in the homes of those who observe the brahmanic customs is there the humiliating custom of breaking the statue of Bali to felicitate the entry of men. Folk legends describe Bali Raja as a beneficent ruler behaving well with the people, a hero struggling to give a life of equality and prosperity. In contrast, without any errors of this king, without any tyrannous actions he is called a "rakshasa" and the so-called avatar of Vishnu comes forward as "Vaman" to deceive and destroy him. This is appropriate to the Hindutvavadis who praise the destroying of the Babri Masjid. (It is important to remember here that the people of the Sindhu civilisation were also described as rakshasas in the Rg Veda). The majority of the Indian people observe the Hindu (Sindhu) religious tradition of Bali Raja, while those who call themselves Hindutvavadis observe the Hindu religion of Waman! The majority Indian people of the Hindu (Sindhu) tradition have very many close and important devatas. Examples of these in Maharashtra are such gods as Jotiba, Vithoba, Khandoba etc. and goddesses such as Kalubai, Banaik, Jokai, Ambabai. There is not a mention of these in the religious books that the Hindutvavadis take as the main religious books of the Hindus. The devatas followed by the majority of Hindus (Sindhus) do not have brahman priests and have only an insignificant place in the religious books of the Hindutvavadis. The main festivals of the majority, ghatastapana, Dassera, Nagpanchmi, Bendu or Bailpola, Rangpanchmi, Holi etc. are also not in the religious books of the Hindutvavadis. The original devata of Maharashtrian culture, Vithoba, is also absent from their religious books! All these festivals and devatas are linked to the laborious but creative agricultural life and livelihood of the majority of Indian people. They have originated from that life. This bahujan religion has an extremely close relation to the matricentric agricultural tradition of the Sindhu civilisation. There is nothing of this in the Hindutvavadis religious books. Whatever there is represents a snatching away of the independence of the bahujan Indians. It is a way of keeping them in slavery. These books have proclaimed a religion that closes off all women and over 95% of men from knowledge. They have given instructions to treat women as animals. With the proclamation that toiling people should be given the lowest status, that some among them should be made untouchables and treated worse than animals, they have divided them and locked them into the hierarchy of the caste system. Such religious books cannot represent the Hindu (Sindhu) religion of the majority of Indians. The Brahmanic religion, which makes the majority of people and all women into slaves and keeps them in the night of ignorance, can only be beneficial to the Hindutvavadis. In the rhetoric of making India a "Hindu nation" the intention seems to be to implement such a religion once again. If it is not, they should clearly renounce all such religious books. They should publicly criticise the teachings in them. Not only this, they should condemn the actions in the Ramayana of killing Shambuk for the crime (!) of tapascharya. They should condemn the injustice meted out to Sita. They should agree that only Sita and Shambuk could be models for the majority of Indian people. The majority of Indian people have followed another "religious" practice. They have gone on discussing and criticising whatever they considered to be errors in the mythologies. For example, the ovya sung by "ignorant" women at work in our villages are critical of the behavior of Rama to Sita. The people have regarded all the religions born out of the Indian tradition as theirs. Buddhism, Jainism, Veerasaivism, Sikhism were never regarded as alien. The reason is clear. These religions all opposed the caste system. They opposed varna. Buddhism in fact waged a struggle against regarding the majority of people as slaves. The reason for the spread of Buddhism in India up to the time of Emperor Ashok was that the slave system was overcome and the toiling people remained comparatively freer as independent peasants and paid laborers. The Buddhist symbol of this emperor Ashok is today on our national flag. The Brahmanic Hindutvavadis of the Sangh parivar have started to oppose this symbol! The empire of Ashok, who accepted Buddhist religion, extended over all of India. His symbol was in reality the symbol of the liberation of the majority of Indian toiling people from the slavery of the das system of the old brahmanic religion. The Sangh parivar does not want the symbol of the first stage of our liberation. They want to impose again another casteist slavery upon us along with capitalism. In the very period in which the bahujans and dalits of old days were becoming free from the das system of slavery, the symptoms of the creation of the jati system could be seen. In this context Gautam Buddha has clearly said, "Only among nonhuman animals do differences such as jati exist, not among humans." Buddha opposed the jati system at the time of its origin. This was the reason he was attacked. Thousands were killed and their blood was spilled. This terrible action was done by the brahmanic religion, which is hailed today by the Sangh parivar. In every footpath in India and especially in Maharashtra there are relics which prove we were Buddhists. Caves in the hills at Ajanta-Ellora, Karle, Bhaje, Karad; hills at Naneghat, Nashik, the hill where Tukaram sang his abhangs are among these. Our ancestors built these with their own hands. Those who established the first state in Maharashtra and Andhra also, the Satavahanas, supported both Buddhism and the Hindu (Sindhu) religion. Our Khandoba of Jejuri was one such Satavahana. The Sangh family is playing a game to once again catch the necks of the bahujans and dalits in their brahmanic noose. They are giving an invitation to turn away from the liberatory tradition and become a slave again accepting the bloodthirsty tradition. The remedy to this is to tear apart the veil over their plotting. The Sikh and Lingayat religions came forward to achieve liberation from the caste system and defeat the brahmanic religion. It is no accident that the abhangs of Namdev of the bhakti tradition which opposed caste are in the "Guru Granthsaheb" of the Sikhs. The Lingayat religion founded by Basaveshwar also aimed at this liberation. It was cause of this that brahmans were enraged and murderously attacked him. In the abhangs of Tukaram Maharaj of the Varkari religion of Maharashtra the oppostion to brahmanic religion is clear. Not only this, but a sympathy is expressed for Islam. Tukaram and Kunbis like him were forbidden to learn Sanskrit; he made his own songs and created his own "Veda." The bhakti tradition attacked brahmanism. This is why he was tortured by the brahmans of the time and killed. The Sangh parivar is once again following this murderous tradition. Not only this, but people following religions that were founded outside the Indian subcontinent were never seen as foreigners or outsiders by the people of Hindu (Sindhu) religion. In the villages of Maharashtra, Moharram has been observed as a festival of all people for generations. In some places the Moharram tabut does not even go out without Hindus (Sindhus) doing "puja." The people of Hindu (Sindhu) religion make vows to pirs while Muslims observe the fast days of Hindu (Sindhu) clan devatas and make vows to them. Behaving humanely to one another is the religion of the Hindu (Sindhu) tradition. Enslaving human beings, using power to kill people in order to establish domination, is the religion of the Vaman tradition of the Hindutvavadis. The looting kings whose spirituality was only in exploitation were the ones who took up the business of destroying the places of worship of one or anther religion. It was not the people. In the 7th century AD king Shashanka destroyed Buddhist memorials and burned to the ground the tree under which the Buddha had found enlightenment. In that period only King Harsha honoured both Hindu and Buddhist religions. The most noteworthy event is that a Kashmir raja named Harsha in the 11th-12th century, known for his Sanskrit poetry, confiscated the property of temples, threw out their idols and melted down important coinage. This "Hindu" king appointed a special minister known as devotpatannayak for such work! The majority of Hindu (Sindhu) people remained apart form such politics of destruction. And if the question comes of retribution for such politics, then a new industry will have to be started in the country. The first retribution will have to be from those who destroyed the cities, places of worship and agriculture of the Sindhu civilisation. And by the logic of justice used by the Sangh parivar, retribution is owed by all those Brahmans (whether or not their descendents are criminals) who kept all women and nonBrahman men as slaves for two thousand years, locking them up in the exploitation of the caste hierarchy, depriving them of knowledge. That town whose original name of Saket was wiped out in the fifth century and called "Ayodhya" will have to be given again the name of Saket. The temple of Ram will have to be condemned and the temples of Sita and the martyred ancestor of the bahujans, Shambuk, built in its place. However, though such politics is part of the Vaman tradition of the Hindutvavadis, the majority of Indian people of the Hindu (Sindhu) tradition, the heirs of Bali Raja and Shambuk, will not do such politics. But in order that the Hindutvavadis should recognise the consequence of their politics and stop their activities, there is a need to remind them of the traditions of Hindu culture. Ram, BJP and Power When Advani led the "Ramrath Yatra," BJP??™s equation of Ram and power became clear. Nor did the BJP hide their aims. The organisers of the Rath Yatra did not forget to paint the lotus electoral symbol of the BJP on the "chariot." Today the BJP has no alternative to the Congress for solving the problems faced by the country. They can give no alternative path for ending the sorrows faced by toilers in villages and cities. They have not an inkling of a practical and concrete remedy for the terrible diseases of poverty, starvation, unemployment, indebtedness price-rise, pollution, drought and desertification. They want to keep the exploitative statist system as it is and only give it the form of Hindutva. With no alternative path to gain government power, they have chosen the path of Ramjanmabhoomi. They want political power to bury Bali Raja again in the earth. They want to exclude Shambuk from attempting tapascharya and to close the path of knowledge for women. They want to bring back the raj modeled on a religion which makes a guiltless Sita abandoned. They want to bring back the system of Manu which throws women into slavery. They want to bring back chaturvarnya in a new, subtle form. By limiting education they want to re-establish the old system on which was based the saying, "Knowledge in the house of the Brahmans, grain in the house of the Kunbis (peasants), and songs for the Mahars and Mangs (dalits)." In the context of the situation today the Sangh family and Muslim fundamentalist mullahs and Imam Bukhari are of one coin. In the Shahbano case the Supreme Court ruled on the side of giving maintenance. The Muslim fundamentalists raised a huge outcry. The Congress government which was doing opportunistic "vote bank" politics overturned the Supreme Court decision by amending the Constitution! The Sangh family is yelling that this shows how Muslims are pampered. But it was a huge injustice to Muslim women. It was the fundamentalists who were pampered. To say that taking away the rights of women is the "pampering of Muslims" is to say that pampering is equivalent to withholding the maintenance to abandoned women. The Sangh parivar feels this is pampering, since they also want to take away the rights of women. The Muslim fundamentalists are playing the cruel game of taking advantage of the sorrows of the extremely poor Muslim masses to keep them in their clutches. Though there is no caste system in Islam still there is some caste among Indian Muslims. Both sides are bloodsuckers. In the ancient matricentric equalitarian tribal society there was no exploitation of either men or women. The brahmanical religious tradition and the looting exploitative kings first imposed slavery on women, and then as the next step on the majority of toiling men. In the Mahabharat there is a memory of nearly this society: "Neither kingdoms nor kings nor punishment nor punished: through the religion of humanity (dharma) they protect each other." Here the Sanskrit word "dharma??™ means the rules guiding human behavior. Such a dream was reflected in the very organization of the Buddhist Sangha. The workers and toilers of all religions and all castes in India want such a society founded on the prosperity of science, "where there is no kingdom, no king, no punishment or punished and the citizens themselves protect each other through the laws of humanity." If we want to keep alive the old traditions and old heritage, then the defeated tradition of the tribal mother has to be recalled. The model of Sita, whose name means ploughed land and who struggled against the imposition of slavery on the four varnas and on women, has to be brought forward. In the Ramayana, Rama kills Tataka, the queen of the Malad-Kurush matricentric tribe. Vishwamitra tells Rama, who hesitates in the decision to kill Tataka, that "Na hi te strivadhkrut ghruna karya narottam, Chaturvarnya hitah hi kartavya rajsununa" ("O Purushottam! It is not proper to feel squeamish about killing a woman. A raja??™s duty is to struggle for the advancement of chaturvarnya" (cited in Sharad Patil, Das Shudra Gulamgiri, 1986, p. 2). This is the teaching that aims to establish the four varna system and make all toiling men and women into slaves through the defeat of the equalitarian matricentric tribal state. Here we have to note that Vishwamitra does not tell Rama that "since Tataka is a rakshasa, she is bad, therefore you should kill her." In contrast, Sita says to Rama in the Ramayana, "To commit violence against other lives who are not your enemies is a third addiction which you have gotten into. Because, O hero! You have taken a vow to kill rakshasas in a war for the security of the rishis living in Dankaranya??¦People will not approve of the killing of guiltless rakshasas." Ram answers, "O daughter of Janak! I have vowed to observe all the orders of the rishis of Dandakaranya. I have always desired truth. O Sita! I will sacrifice Lakshman, my life or even you, but I will not renounce the vows that were given and especially the promises given to Brahmans??¦." (cited Patil, p. 18). In the name of Hindutva and Ramjanmabhoomi, the RSS and BJP are today attacking Muslims. Their final attack will be on the majority of Indians of Hindu (Sindhu) religion in order to tighten the slavery of women, in order to increase the exploitation of the old varna-based jati system. But we have confidence that the majority of the Indian people who are of Hindu (Sindhu) religion of the tradition of Bali Raja will understand this conspiracy of the heirs of Waman. For they are the true heirs of Sita and Shambuk. "Time will submit to slavery from illusion's bonds we'll be free everyone will be powerful and prosperous -- Brahman, Ksatriya, Vaishya, Shudra and Chandala all have rights women, children, male and female and even prostitutes" --Tuka (Tukaram), 17th cent. Marathi Sant of India ------------------------------------------------------------ |
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| << October31, 2003 - [India Thinkers Net]Continuing harassment of women artists and activists |
November01, 2003 - [India Thinkers Net]Will building temples save India? >> |
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